Anxiety ही एक सामान्य आणि नैसर्गिक मानवी भावना आहे जी तणाव किंवा धोक्याच्या प्रतिसादात उद्भवते. तथापि, जेव्हा ती तीव्र होते किंवा नियमितपणे उद्भवते तेव्हा ती एक समस्या बनू शकते. Anxiety Disorder हा मानसिक आरोग्याचा सर्वात सामान्य प्रकार आहे.

Anxiety Disorder चे अनेक प्रकार आहेत, ज्या मध्ये

1.Generalized Anxiety Disorder : ही एक दीर्घकालीन स्थिती आहे जी अत्यधिक चिंता आणि चिंता दर्शविली जाते.

2.Social Anxiety Disorder: या स्थितीमध्ये सामाजिक परिस्थितींबद्दल तीव्र भीती आणि चिंता निर्माण होते.

3.Phobia: अशा या स्थितीमध्ये विशिष्ट वस्तू किंवा परिस्थितींबद्दल तीव्र भीती निर्माण होते.

4.Panic Disorder: या परिस्थितीमध्ये अचानक तीव्र भीतीचे दौरे येतात.

5.Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD): या मध्ये व्यक्तीला असे विचार असतात जे नियंत्रित करणे कठीण असते .

6. Stress Related Disorder : हा आजार आघातजन्य घटनेच्या अनुभवामुळे होतो.

Two components-

• Awareness of the Physiological sensations

Example – Palpitation, sweating.

• Awareness of being nervous or frightened.

Classification:

• Panic disorder.
• Specific phobia.
• Social phobia.
• Obsessive compulsive disorder.
• Somatoform Disorders- Somatization disorder, Conversion disorder, Hypochondriasis, Pain Disorder, Body dysmorphic disorder.
• Acute stress disorder.
• Post traumatic stress disorder.
• Generalized Anxiety disorder.
• Anxiety disorder due to a general medical condition.
• Substance induced anxiety disorder.
• Anxiety disorder NOS.

MOOD DISORDER

• Major depressive disorder
• Bipolar mood disorder- MANIA

EPIDEMIOLOGY

• One in four people meet at least one anxiety disorder.
• Lifetime Prevalence  in  men 19.2 %
• Lifetime Prevalence in Women  30.5%

ETIOLOGY

Exact Etiology Is Not Known

Theories:-

• Biological Theory.
• Genetic Theory.
• Psychosocial Theory.

Psychoanalytical Theory:-

• Defines anxiety as a signal of the presence of danger in the unconscious.
• Biological Factors: Fluctuation in Neurotransmitters level like Serotonin, Norepinephrine, GABA etc.
• Genetic Factors : At least some genetic component responsible for anxiety disorders.

MAJOR DEPRESSIVE EPISODE

• Five (or more) of the following symptoms have been present during the same 2 week period.
• Depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.
• Markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day.
• Significant weight loss or weight gain (e.g. a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day.
• Insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day.
• Psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day.
•  Fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day.
• Feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt nearly every day, hopelessness or helplessness.
• Recurrent thoughts of death, recurrent suicidal ideation plan, or a suicide attempt.

PANIC ATTACK

• It is a syndrome or reproducible cluster of symptoms that can occur in several different anxiety disorders.
• Main features- At least four of the following symptoms within 10 min.
• Palpitation, or accelerated heart rate.
• Sweating.
• Shaking/Trembling.
• Sense of shortness of breath or smothering.
• Feeling of choking.
• Chest pain or discomfort.
• Nausea or abdominal distress.
• Feeling dizzy, unsteady, lightheaded or faint.
• Derealization (feelings of unreality) or depersonalization (being detached from oneself.
• Fear of losing control or going crazy.
• Fear of Dying.
• Paresthesia’s ( numbness or tingling sensations).
• Chills or hot flushes.

PERIPHERAL MANIFESTATION OF ANXIETY

• Diarrhea.
• Dizziness.
• Hyperhidrosis.
• Restlessness.
• Hypertension.
• Syncope.
• Tachycardia.
• Tingling in extremities.
• Tremors.
• Upset stomach.

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